In Soviet Union, Optimization Problem Solves You — Crooked Timber. Attention conservation notice: Over 7. We need a quantity to maximize. Maintaining a “given assortment” (fixed proportions) of resources used seems even less reasonable than maintaining a “given assortment” of outputs, but I suppose we could do it. For now (I’ll come back to this), assume the objective function is given somehow, and is not to be argued with. IIA. We need complete and accurate knowledge of all the physical constraints on the economy, the resources available to it. IIB. We need complete and accurate knowledge of the productive capacities of the economy, the ways in which it can convert inputs to outputs.(IIA) and (IIB) require us to disaggregate all the goods (and services) of the economy to the point where everything inside each category is substitutable. The numbers in the latter’s input- output matrices, Kantorovich says, are aggregated over huge swathes of the economy, and so far too crude to be actually useful for planning.) This is, to belabor the obvious, a huge amount of information to gather.(It’s worth remarking at this point that “inputs” and “constraints” can be understood very broadly. For Kantorovich, the objective function from (I) and the constraints and production technology from (II) must be linear. Nonlinear optimization is possible, and I will come back to it, but it rarely makes things easier. IV. Computing time must be not just too cheap to meter, but genuinely immense. It is this point which I want to elaborate on, because it is a mathematical rather than a practical difficulty.“Numerical Methods for the Solution of Problems of Optimal Planning”It was no accident that mathematical optimization went hand- in- hand with automated computing. Tractica’s Robotics advisory service analyzes global market trends and applications for robotics and related automation technologies within consumer, enterprise. Amity school of engineering & technology offers b.tech in different streams. IEEE Xplore. Delivering full text access to the world's highest quality technical literature in engineering and technology. Attention conservation notice: Over 7800 words about optimal planning for a socialist economy and its intersection with computational complexity theory.![]() Those resources may take many forms: memory to store intermediate results, samples for statistical problems, communication between cooperative problem- solvers. The second is the number of constraints on the optimization, say m . 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul. The third is the amount of approximation we are willing to tolerate in a solution—- we demand that it come within h of the optimum, and that if any constraints are violated it is also by no more than h . Presumably optimizing many variables ( n > > 1), subject to many constraints ( m > > 1 ), to a high degree of approximation ( h ~ 0), is going to take more time than optimizing a few variables ( n ~1), with a handful of constraints ( m ~ 1 ), and accepting a lot of slop ( h ~ 1). Ben- Tal and Nemirovski’s Lectures on Modern Convex Optimization . Where does this leave us? A good modern commercial linear programming package can handle a problem with 1. The difficulty is that there aren’t merely 1. We could get the optimal prices (or optimal plans) just by concatenating the solutions to sub- problems, with no extra work on our part. Unfortunately, as Lenin is supposed to have said, “everything is connected to everything else”. There are lower bounds on the complexity of optimization problems which suggest we could never hope to push it below that. Economically, this means constant returns to scale: the factory need put no more, and no less, resources into its 1. Mathematically, the linear constraints on production are a special case of convex constraints. Carnegie’s luck, skill, and ruthlessness in exploiting the non- convexities of making steel.) Somehow, I do not think that this will be much consolation). The Given Assortment, and Planner’s Preferences. So far I have been assuming, for the sake of argument, that the planners can take their objective function as given. This raises both a cognitive or computational problem, and at least two different political problems. The cognitive or computational problem is that of simply coming up with relative preferences or weights over all the goods in the economy, indexed by space and time. The plan is checked and, to a considerable degree, realized through the market. It is conceivable that there is some alternative feedback mechanism which is as rich, adaptive, and easy to use as the market but is not the market, not even in a disguised form. Those values are not pretty. There is, in other words, a strong case to be made for egalitarian distributions of resources being a complement to market allocation. Politically, however, good luck getting those to go together. We are left in an uncomfortable position. Beyond the repulsiveness of the values it embodies, markets in areas like healthcare or information goods are always inefficient (over and above the usual impossibility of informationally- efficient prices). Stock- market prices acted back upon the world as if they were independent powers, requiring factories to be opened or closed, real human beings to work or rest, hurry or dawdle; and they, having given the transfusion that made the stock prices come alive, felt their flesh go cold and impersonal on them, mere mechanisms for chunking out the man- hours. Attaining even second best solutions is going to demand “bold, persistent experimentation”, coupled with a frank recognition that many experiments will just fail, and that even long- settled compromises can, with the passage of time, become confining obstacles. Vaguely lefty? Gushing Ken Mac. Leod fan? So while most common optimization problems are in NP, linear and even convex programming are in P.^: Most of the relevant work has been done under a slightly different cover—- not determining shadow prices in an optimal plan, but equilibrium prices in Arrow- Debreu model economies. I have no positive evidence that it wasn’t sincere. AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGYProf. M. K. Dutta delivered an invited talk on . He was the only Non- European in the list of speakers; other speakers are from Spain, Austria, France, UK, Czech Republic, Germany, Turkey, Finland etc. Tripathy attended & chaired one session in PIERS (Progress in Electromagnetic Research) 2. Guangzhou, China during 2. August 2. 01. 4. The conference PIERS 2. The Electromagnetics Academy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. PIERS 2. 01. 4 General Co- chairs were Prof. Selling He, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, Prof. Kazuya Kobayashi, Chuo University, Japan, Prof Raj Mitra, Pennsylvania State University, USA and Prof Ke Wu, University of Montreal, Canada. Singapore Visit: Mr. Mukesh Roy and Mr. Mohit Bhandwal Mr. Mukesh Kumar Roy, Mr. Mohit. Bhandwal, Prof.(Dr.) Priya Ranjan visited Singapore to attend the International Conference on Medical & Health Science- March, 2. They presented their work on the title . Basant Singh Sikarwar. Vikas Kumar delivered a talk on whole body vibration exposure in International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 1. July, 2. 01. 6, Athens, Greece. In the congress, a broad range of high- level technical papers from all over the world were presented. Distinguished plenary lectures presented recent developments in important topics of sound and vibration and included discussions about future trends. Pallav Gupta delivered an oral talk on the topic . For this conference Dr. Pallav Gupta received travel grant from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India under Young Scientist category. Pritish Shubham visited Kuala Lampur, Malaysia to attend the International Conference on Design, Materials and Manufacturing. He presented his work on 3. D printing with the title . They have been awarded certificates by the Senior Prof. Abdulamir, from University Teknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia. Rajni Saggu visited Chicago to present a research paper on 1. August 2. 01. 6 in Geo. Chicago. 20. 16, an American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) conference held in Chicago, USA from 1. India and 2. 5 Scientists from USA participated in the workshop to discuss the possibility of INDO- US collaborations. Head, ASET and Director, DICET with Prof. Head, ASET and Director, DICET with Prof. Head, ASET and Director, DICET and Mr. Ankur Chaudhary, Faculty, CSE, ASET with RMIT Officials, University of Melbourne, Australia Prof. Head, ASET and Director, DICET with Prof. Paul Davies, Lead Director of Academic Program- Computing & ICT, School of Computing, Engineering & Mathematics, University of Melbourne, Australia. Prof. Head, ASET and Director, DICET and Prof. K Dutta Ho. D, ECE, Jt. Head, ASET and Additional Director, ADET during visit to Amity University, Dubai. Prof. Head, ASET and Director, DICET visits Amity University, Dubai. Mr. Rahul Sindhwani has visited Kamakura, Japan to present a research paper on “Adoption of Integrated Lean- Green- Agile Strategies for Modern Manufacturing Systems” on March 8th, 2. CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering conference held from March 8th to March 1. In this conference various plenary lecture on “Next stage of sustainable manufacturing in Io. T Era” were delivered by distinguished professors from all over the world.
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Offers 50 GB of free storage space. Uploaded files are encrypted and only the user holds the decryption keys. Widest Range of Electric Kettles At LAzada Malaysia Even more » Account Options. Sign in; Search settings. PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Announced as the successor to the PlayStation. Enjoy the lowest prices and best selection of Keyboards & MIDI at Guitar Center. Most orders are eligible for free shipping. As this school year draws to a close we can take time to stop and reflect on all of the success and achievements of our students over the last academic year. Amazon.in: Buy Casio WSD-F10 Smart Outdoor Watch online at low price in India on Amazon.in. Check out Casio WSD-F10 Smart Outdoor Watch reviews, ratings. Find the best selection of Yamaha Keyboards & MIDI at Guitar Center at the guaranteed lowest prices and free shipping. Emulators for Hewlett Packard calculators as part of the HP Calculator Archive. Download the free trial version below to get started. Double-click the downloaded file to install the software. Play. Station 4 - Wikipedia. Play. Station 4. The original Play. Station 4 console with Dual. Shock 4 controller. Developer. Sony Interactive Entertainment. Manufacturer. Sony. Announced as the successor to the Play. ![]() Station 3 during a press conference on February 2. November 1. 5 in North America, November 2. Europe, South America and Australia; and February 2. Japan. It competes with Nintendo's Wii U and Switch, and Microsoft's Xbox One. Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor, the console features an AMDAccelerated Processing Unit (APU) built upon the x. AMD stated that it was the . The Play. Station 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services, including the ability to play games off- console on Play. Station Vita and other supported devices (. The console's controller was also redesigned and improved over the Play. Station 3, with improved buttons and analog sticks, and an integrated touchpad among other changes. The console also supports HDR1. K multimedia. Reception to the original Play. ![]() Station 4 model was positive, with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers' needs, embrace of independent game development, and for not imposing restrictive digital rights management schemes that Microsoft had previously announced for Xbox One prior to its release. Critics and third- party studios also praised the capabilities of the Play. Station 4 in comparison to its competitors; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as being . By the end of 2. 01. The console was released on November 1. United States and Canada, followed by further releases on November 2. Kazuo Hirai, chief executive officer of Sony, said in May: . I think that we will be able to replicate the kind of success we have had with PS4 in other parts of the world in China. The new revision is a higher- end model that is meant to support gameplay in 4. K. The new model will be sold alongside the existing model, and all existing software will be compatible between the two models. It is by far the most powerful APU we have built to date. It combines a central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU), as well as other components such as a memory controller and video decoder. This places the console in a low- power state, while allowing users to immediately resume their game or app once the console is awoken. The console also is able to download content such as game and OS updates while it is in this state. A stereo headphone jack supports the connection of regular earphones or a headset to allow a user to speak and hear audio simultaneously. The controller can be charged three ways: via micro- USB, a dedicated charging station, or the console, even while powered off. The START and SELECT buttons were merged into the OPTIONS button. The colors help identify players and alert them with critical messages such as low health in- game. It includes two 1. The device was released on October 1. The headset is tracked with nine positional LEDs on its surface, guided by the Play. Station Camera primarily. A variety of games are soon to be set for the Play. Station VR exclusively. PSVR is one of the major virtual reality headsets to target consumers, as well as the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, as well as the cheapest alternative. Software and services. Play. Station 4 system software. The Play. Station 4's operating system is called . Each player account has the option to share their real name with friends, or use a nickname in other situations when anonymity is important. Facebook profiles can be connected to Play. Station Network accounts, making it easier to recognize friends. Players can command the interface to start a game, take screenshots, and save videos. Playing a CD is unsupported. The update, released in April 2. Remote Play functionality on computers running Windows 8. Windows 1. 0, OS X Yosemite, and OS X El Capitan. Remote Play supports resolution options of 3. PS4 Pro), frame rate options of 3. FPS, and the Dual. Shock 4 can be connected via USB. The user can use this application to purchase PS4 titles from the console and have them remotely downloaded, watch live streams of other gamers, and/or view in- game maps while playing games. They will have the ability to direct, produce, and star in their own video game production, simply by being an awesome (or not so awesome!) gamer. Although the PS4 has improved social functionality, the features are optional and can be disabled. Communities include a discussion board, accomplishments and game clips shared by other members, plus the ability to join group chat and launch cooperative games. Sony stated that . Media is uploaded seamlessly from the console to other PSN users or social networking sites such as Dailymotion, Facebook, Twitter and You. Tube, or else users can copy media to a USB flash drive and upload to a social network or website of their preference. Subsequent updates have added options for picture- in- picture layouts, the ability to create photo collages and animated GIFs. If a user is not screen- casting, a friend can send them a . Users can pass control of the game entirely to the remote user, or partake in cooperative multiplayer as if they were physically present. Mark Cerny says that remote assistance is particularly useful when confronted by a potentially game- defeating obstacle. Share Play requires a Play. Station Plus subscription and can only be used for one hour at a time. Updates to games and system software are also downloaded in the background and while in standby. Developers are fully involved, activated, discussed and doing really cool collaborative things. Mark Rein of Epic Games praised the . Speaking to Edge magazine, multiple game developers have described the difference as . In other scenarios, designers may tap some of PS4's additional power in a straightforward manner, to boost frame rate or output at a higher resolution, whereas games from Sony's own first- party studios that take full advantage of the hardware . Scott Lowe of IGN gave it an 8. Dual. Shock 4 design and social integration features. He criticized the console's lack of software features and for underutilizing the Dual. Shock 4's touch pad. The PS4 won every category offered, and IGN awarded the PS4 with their People's Choice Award. Kirk Hamilton of Kotaku reported on the differences in early games such as Call of Duty: Ghosts and Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag which ran at 1. PS4, but in 7. 20p and 9. Xbox One. In August 2. Sony announced the placement of over a million preorders for the console. Successive models have added or removed various features, and each model has variations of Limited Edition consoles. Play. Station 4 Slim. On September 7, 2. Sony announced a hardware revision of Play. Station 4, model number CUH- 2. Play. Station 4 Slim. It is a revision of the original PS4 hardware with a smaller form factor; it has a rounded body with a matte finish on the top of the console rather than a two- tone finish, and is 4. The two USB ports on the front have a larger gap between them, and the optical audio port was removed. Games marketed as PS4 Pro Enhanced may be optimized for higher graphics quality, resolution, or HDR support when running on PS4 Pro. The most prominent technique used is checkerboard rendering, wherein the console only renders portions of a scene using a checkerboard pattern, and then uses algorithms to fill in the non- rendered segments. The checkerboarded screen can then be smoothed using an anti- aliasing filter. Hermen Hulst of Guerrilla Games explained that PS4 Pro could render something . Retrieved November 8, 2. Financial Times. Archived from the original on August 2. Retrieved August 2. Eurogamer Network. Retrieved September 9, 2. June 1. 2, 2. 01. August 1, 2. 01. 7. Extreme. Tech. Archived from the original on June 7, 2. Retrieved December 1. Retrieved January 1. Play. Station Blog. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. Archived from the original on October 3. Retrieved December 1. Retrieved April 2. Retrieved September 2, 2. Archived from the original on February 2. Retrieved February 2. November 1. 1, 2. Archived from the original on January 8, 2. Retrieved February 2. Eurogamer Network. Archived from the original on November 2. Retrieved February 2. Retrieved June 2. Archived from the original on November 3, 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on January 1. Retrieved May 2. 1, 2. The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 1. Retrieved September 1. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. February 2. 0, 2. Archived from the original on April 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on December 7, 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on April 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on February 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on February 2. Retrieved February 2. INTRODUCES PLAYSTATION. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. February 2. 1, 2. Archived from the original on April 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on June 1. Retrieved June 1. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved June 1. IGN Entertaintment. Archived from the original on January 5, 2. Retrieved December 1. Trusted Reviews. Retrieved February 1. The Telegraph. May 2. Retrieved December 1. Retrieved July 2. Retrieved July 2. Retrieved June 1. Retrieved June 1. Retrieved September 7, 2. Ars Technica. Retrieved September 7, 2. Eurogamer Network. Archived from the original on March 2, 2. Retrieved February 2. Eurogamer Network. Archived from the original on March 2, 2. Retrieved February 2. Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on May 2. Retrieved February 2. AMD says PS4's APU is . Allow Me To Elaborate. Archived from the original on May 2. Retrieved February 2. Archived from the original on December 1. Retrieved November 9, 2. Archived from the original on August 2. Retrieved September 1. Archived from the original on July 2. Retrieved September 1. Gimme Gimme Games. Archived from the original on March 1. Retrieved February 2. 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You see all kinds of reviews on this water filter and that—whichever is the favorite of. ![]() How to Quiet a Generator to Tolerable Sound Levels. Many people who go off the grid find themselves trying to learn how to make a generator quiet. The problem is that they don’t spend the time researching the right kind of generator to use and they end up trying to save a couple of bucks by buying an inexpensive generator. Most of the people that I know who have done this end up looking for ways to make their generator quiet enough that it’s at least tolerable. I have to admit that we also fall into this category because when we first moved off the grid, we didn’t put a lot of thought into the type of generator that we should have and ended up going with a large generator that was very loud. If you’d like to learn about the mistakes that we made while selecting our first few generators, you can read my articles called How To Choose a Generator That Will Be Perfect For Your Needs or What is The Quietest Generator For Camping? How To Quiet A Portable Generator. The quietest generators are those that are designed to run quiet like our Honda EU2. If you end up doing like we did and making the mistake of buying an inexpensive generator and simply trying to make it quiet, you’re going to have your hands full because it’s not as easy as it might seem. We’ve tried lots of things to quiet down our cheap 5. A lot of people want to hear that they can simply install a quieter muffler on their generator and that will magically transform the roaring beast into a purring kitten. We purchased one of the quiet mufflers for generators but we ultimately weren’t very happy with the results. I can’t remember what brand we tried or where we bought it. We didn’t do any actual decibel testing but here’s a video that shows an example that was similar to the results that we got. In this video a man is demonstrating what you might expect if you install one of the super quiet mufflers for generators. His testing reflects the results that we got when we tried to do this although I’m not sure if the muffler he tested was the same one we tested. In this video a special quiet generator muffler was installed on an 1. Briggs and Stratton engine that was powering a 6,0. He did three tests and in the first test he got a reading of 1. When he installed the stock muffler he got a reading of 9. Lastly, he installed a muffler that he claimed to have paid $1. How Many Decibels Is a Quiet Generator. The generator in the video above was quieted by only 6 decibels after an ultra quiet generator muffler was installed. That is an improvement but in my opinion it’s still pretty loud when you compare it to a similarly sized Honda EU7. S that is rated at 5. B(A) (m. powerequipment. Yamaha EF6. 30. 0i. SDE that is rated at 5. BA (yamahamotorsports. Building A Quiet Box For a Generator. After experimenting with a couple different types of mufflers, including a homemade retrofitted automotive muffler, we realized that the most likely solution to the problem of how to keep a generator quiet was to build a sound dampening enclosure for our generator to run in. WARNING: Never install or run a generator or any other internal combustion engine in an enclosure or building that will allow deadly exhaust fumes into a building that people or animals will occupy. Doing so could result in death! Additionally, you should never install a generator in close proximity to combustible materials to prevent the risk of fire. What we did was make a cinder block sound dampening enclosure for our generator. We built this enclosure about 1. We also oriented our makeshift “generator dog house” so that the door was facing away from our home. We unfortunately didn’t build it very well so it didn’t last very long but it did quiet the generator down to some degree. It did, however, last long enough for us to finally save up enough money to buy a genset that was actually designed to run quiet. I should point out that we also added an inlet vent that we inserted an electric fan in to blow fresh air over the generator to help prevent it from overheating. We also installed and outlet vent for the exhaust to vent out of which we think helped provide good airflow across the engine. This is a diagram showing the top view of the generator sound dampening enclosure that we made. Tips for Quieting a Noisy Generator. Here are a few tips to keep in mind if you are concerned about the noise of your generator at your off the grid home. Don’t install your generator near your home. The farther the generator is from your living quarters, the quieter your noisy generator will actually seem. This is probably the least expensive and one of the most effective ways to deal with the noise level of a loud generator. Construct some type of a sound enclosure or at least a “sound deflector” for your generator. When we were trying to find out how to quiet down a generator, we tried an experiment where we simply placed a large piece of plywood between our cabin and the generator. Believe it or not, just deflecting the sound away from the home made a significant difference in the perceived noise level. Don’t install your generator on a wood floor. Our initial attempt to build a sound dampening enclosure was a colossal failure. We simply built a small add- on which was about the size of an outhouse to the outside of my husband’s tool shed and placed the generator in that little room. This actually amplified the sound! It amplified sound just like a hollow body guitar amplifies sound. The wood box acted as a resonator that made the generator seem much louder than it actually was. Orient the generator so that the exhaust is not pointing towards your home. We learned that simply turning the generator around so that the exhaust was pointing away from the house made a bit of a difference in how loud the generator seemed to be. The Best Advice I Have Is To Buy A Quiet Generator. We learned the hard way that it’s much better to save up and buy a really nice generator that is designed to run quietly than it is to try to figure out ways to make a cheap generator quiet. Not only will these nicer generators run quieter, they are usually engineered better which means that they will probably be more fuel efficient and last longer. Bonus. Have a generator that won’t start or just doesn’t seem to be running right? Take a minute and read my article called, Solutions to Common Generator Problems. Secure Digital - Wikipedia. Secure Digital (SD) is a non- volatilememory card format developed by the SD Card Association (SDA) for use in portable devices. 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Secure Digital changed the MMC design in several ways: Asymmetrical shape of the sides of the SD card prevent inserting it upside down (while an MMC goes in most of the way but makes no contact if inverted). Most SD cards are 2. MMCs. The SD specification defines a card called Thin SD with a thickness of 1. SDA went on to define even smaller form factors. The card's electrical contacts are recessed beneath the surface of the card, protecting them from contact with a user's fingers. The SD specification envisioned capacities and transfer rates exceeding those of MMC, and both of these functionalities have grown over time. For a comparison table, see below. While MMC uses a single pin for data transfers, the SD card added a four- wire bus mode for higher data rates. The SD card added Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM) security circuitry for digital rights management (DRM) content- protection. Addition of a write- protect notch. Full- size SD cards do not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and other issues also affect the ability to use one format in a host device designed for the other. The Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC) format, announced in January 2. SD specification, supports cards with capacities up to 3. GB. The major compatibility issues between SDHC and SDSC cards are the redefinition of the Card- Specific Data (CSD) register in version 2. SDHC cards are shipped preformatted with the FAT3. Version 2. 0 also introduces a High- speed bus mode for both SDSC and SDHC cards, which doubles the original Standard Speed clock to produce 2. MB/s. SDXC adopts Microsoft's ex. FAT file system as a mandatory feature. Therefore, ex. FAT- formatted SDXC cards are not a universally readable exchange medium. Windows Vista (SP1) and later. Consequently, they may not accept SDXC cards reformatted as FAT3. FAT3. 2 on smaller cards (for SDHC compatibility). Therefore, even if a file system is supported in general, it is not always possible to use alternative file systems on SDXC cards at all depending on how strictly the SDXC card specification has been implemented in the host device. This bears a risk of accidental loss of data, as a host device may treat a card with an unrecognized file system as blank or damaged and reformat the card. The SD Association provides a formatting utility for Windows and Mac OS X that checks and formats SD, SDHC, and SDXC cards. UHS- I cards declared as UHS1. SDR1. 04) also support a clock frequency of 2. MHz, which could transfer 1. MB/s. Double data rate operation at 5. MHz (DDR5. 0) is also specified in Version 3. SDHC and micro. SDXC cards labeled as UHS- I. In this mode, four bits are transferred when the clock signal rises and another four bits when it falls, transferring an entire byte on each full clock cycle, hence a 5. MB/s operation could be transferred using a 5. MHz clock. UHS- IISpecified in version 4. MB/s (full duplex) or 3. MB/s (half duplex) using an additional row of pins. FD3. 12 provides 3. MB/s while FD6. 24 doubles that. Both are full- duplex. The physical interface and pin- layout are the same as with UHS- II, retaining backward compatibility. Use of UHS- I requires that the host device command the card to drop from 3. I/O interface pins and select the four- bit transfer mode, while UHS- II requires 0. The higher speed rates are achieved by using a two- lane low voltage (0. V pp) differential interface. Each lane is capable of transferring up to 1. MB/s. In full duplex mode, one lane is used for Transmit while the other is used for Receive. In half duplex mode both lanes are used for the same direction of data transfer allowing a double data rate at the same clock speed. In addition to enabling higher data rates, the UHS- II interface allows for lower interface power consumption, lower I/O voltage and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). SD card speed is customarily rated by its sequential read or write speed. The sequential performance aspect is the most relevant for storing and retrieving large files (relative to block sizes internal to the flash memory), such as images and multimedia. Small data (such as file names, sizes and timestamps) falls under the much lower speed limit of random access, which can be the limiting factor in some use cases. This was superseded by the Speed Class Rating, which guarantees a minimum rate at which data can be written to the card. Whatever the bus rate, the card can signal to the host that it is . Compliance with a higher speed rating is a guarantee that the card limits its use of the . Both read and write speeds must exceed the specified value. The specification defines these classes in terms of performance curves that translate into the following minimum read- write performance levels on an empty card and suitability for different applications. Class 1. 0 asserts that the card supports 1. MB/s as a minimum non- fragmented sequential write speed and uses a High Speed bus mode. The graphical symbol for the speed class has a number encircled with 'C' (C2, C4, C6, and C1. UHS- I and UHS- II cards can use UHS Speed Class rating with two possible grades: class 1 for minimum read/write performance of at least 1. MB/s ('U1' symbol featuring number 1 inside 'U') and class 3 for minimum write performance of 3. MB/s ('U3' symbol featuring 3 inside 'U'), targeted at recording 4. K video. Manufacturers can also display standard speed class symbols (C2, C4, C6, and C1. UHS speed class. Video Speed Class defines a set of requirements for UHS cards to match the modern MLC NAND flash memory. The combination lets the user record HD resolution videos with tapeless camcorders while performing other functions. It is also suitable for real- time broadcasts and capturing large HD videos. The most important advice. Applications that require a specific speed class usually specify this in their user manuals. Basic cards transfer data at up to six times (6. The 2. 0 specification. Manufacturers may report best- case speeds and may report the card's fastest read speed, which is typically faster than the write speed. Some vendors, including Transcend and Kingston report their cards' write speed. For example, a high- definition camcorder may require a card of not less than Class 6, suffering dropouts or corrupted video if a slower card is used. Digital cameras with slow cards may take a noticeable time after taking a photograph before being ready for the next, while the camera writes the first picture. The speed class rating does not totally characterize card performance. Different cards of the same class may vary considerably while meeting class specifications. A card's speed depends on many factors, including: The frequency of soft errors that the card's controller must re- try. Write amplification: The flash controller may need to overwrite more data than requested. This has to do with performing read- modify- write operations on write blocks, freeing up (the much larger) erase blocks, while moving data around to achieve wear leveling. File fragmentation: where there is not sufficient space for a file to be recorded in a contiguous region, it is split into non- contiguous fragments. This does not cause rotational or head- movement delays as with electromechanical hard drives, but may decrease speed; for instance, by requiring additional reads and computation to determine where on the card the file's next fragment is stored. In addition, speed may vary markedly between writing a large amount of data to a single file (sequential access, as when a digital camera records large photographs or videos) and writing a large number of small files (a random- access use common in smartphones). A study in 2. 01. Class 2 cards achieved a write speed of 1. MB/s, while all cards tested of Class 6 or greater (and some of lower Classes; lower Class does not necessarily mean better small- file performance), including those from major manufacturers, were over 1. There are both reversible and irreversible host commands that achieve this. Write- protect notch. The mini. SD and micro. SD formats do not support a write protection notch. When looking at the SD card from the top, the right side (the side with the beveled corner) must be notched. On the left side, there may be a write- protection notch. If the notch is omitted, the card can be read and written. If the card is notched, it is read- only. If the card has a notch and a sliding tab which covers the notch, the user can slide the tab upward (toward the contacts) to declare the card read/write, or downward to declare it read- only. The diagram to the right shows an orange sliding write- protect tab in both the unlocked and locked positions. The presence of a notch, and the presence and position of a tab, have no effect on the SD card's operation. A host device that supports write protection should refuse to write to an SD card that is designated read- only in this way. Some host devices do not support write protection, which is an optional feature of the SD specification. SAP ABAP source code, tutorials and step by step guides for all areas and levels of SAP development from core ABAP to html web and Fiori apps. A technical writing and personal blog by Alessandro Banzer. Check out everything regarding SAP GRC and other IT relevant topics. This is the best-est yet easiest ABAP tutorial on the internet till date! ![]()
Guide towards a simple conversion of an XML file to ABAP Internal table, using XML parsing. Guide towards a simple conversion of an XML file to ABAP Internal table, using XML parsing. By Aastha Mehrotra, Larsen & Toubro Infotech. Applies to: SAP ECC 6. And further. Summary. This article elaborates the conversion process of an XML. SAP Application server, into an ABAP internal table. An effortless approach, unlike the other intricate methods. In this particular concept. XML file is converted into a string. Hence, we use the XML. However, I discovered that, none of those takes us entirely across. XML residing in the Application Server into an. ABAP. Certain other methods, which might actually take us. I used this. method while working on an object which required me to. Fetch. a request XML file from the Application server. Convert. it into an internal table in ABAP. Extract. data from ERP corresponding to the data in the internal table (from the. XML file). Generate. Response file consisting of both XML file data as well as data from ERP. This document shall let you know the entire process. XML file in the Application server to an Internal. Table. The XML file. Following is an archetype of the XML file which needs to be. ABAP. This XML file carries data for three fields- Home. Pernr. UNAME and USERID. We need to convert the XML file into an internal table. XML. We would be considering the example of the following file. This would assist us convert any XML. Note: File. Feed happens to be the root node for the XML. Employee. Requests is the element node containing the. Employee records within it. Employeerequest is the element node for each record. Home. PERNR, UNAME and USERID are the value nodes. Step wise conversion of the XML to Internal. Table. The entire mechanism would be elaborated by this document. The series of execution would be as follows: Open the XML in order to read the data. Transfer the contents into an internal table. Concatenate the lines of the internal table into a string. Convert the string into a hexadecimal string - The . Hence, these can be conjoined together to achieve the entire code. XML. However, we must be aware of the variables to be declared. This would enhance our understanding of the steps and would provide. Type declarations for the variables. Following are the declarations for all the variables to be. This would help us avoid all. Declaring the file type. DATA: g. The addition ENCODING defines. While writing the data into. ENCODING, and transferred to the file.* Open the XML file for reading data. OPEN DATASET g. Following is the piece of code which would help us. Read the data from the file into an internal table. We use the READ DATASET statement to read the data from the. ENDIF.* Close the file after reading the data CLOSE. DATASET g. Hence, we get a string containing the data of the entire XML file. RAR Password Recovery recovers passwords for RAR archives created with WinRAR, RAR or any other RAR-compatible software. Forgetting a password for an archive. Fast, tested password recovery for with benchmarks and review. Download freeware, shareware and trial password recovery utilities. Free Download RAR Password Unlocker v. Portable. RAR Password Unlocker v. Portable adalah sebuah aplikasi terbaru yang akan membantu anda untuk membuka file rar yang berpassword dan anda tidak tahu password tersebut. Aplikasi yang satu ini dapat bekerja dengan baik dengan metode brute force attack. Tetapi perlu anda tahu jika metode brute force attack ini adalah mencoba kombinasi password satu per satu, jadi jangan kaget jika anda menggunakan aplikasi RAR Password Unlocker ini memakan waktu yang sangat lama jika memang password yang ada merupakan kombinasi yang sulit dengan banyak karakter. Tetapi tidak ada salahnya jika anda sudah mendownload file rar yang berukuran besar, namun ternyata ketika anda ingin mengekstraknya ternyata diminta password dan parahnya anda tidak mengetahui password dari file rar tersebut. Salah satu alternatif terbaiknya adalah mencoba mengetahui password file rar tersebut dengan aplikasi RAR Password Unlocker ini. Lighting-fast GPU password removal tool for Zip/WinZip archives (classic zip/ WinZip-AES encryptions -.zip.zipx files). Runs on GPUs for accelerated speed. Bome Midi Translator Pro V1.7.2 Cracked Readnfo Revise Rar Download http:// Bome Midi Translator Pro V1.7.2 Cracked Readnfo Revise Rar Download. Kami membagikan software RAR Password Unlocker ini dalam versi portabel, sehingga anda tidak perlu menginstalnya ke pc atau laptop anda. Untuk dapat menggunakan aplikasi RAR Password Unlocker ini anda memerlukan Java Runtime Environment Terbaru di pc atau laptop anda. Kemudian saat membuka program ini, pastikan anda memilih “appnimi rar password unlocker”, lalu klik Ok. Key Features: Easy to use. Recovers user password required to open the file. Brute- Force alogorithm are used to recover the password. The exe in the installation directory is portable.
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